Tuesday, February 8, 2011
Macbeth Prompt #1
Banquo is a foil to Macbeth in that both are the subject of prophecies concerning the future kingship of Scotland, but they react to these prophecies differently. How does each respond to his encounter with the witches? Are there key differences? Why does Shakespeare include two sets of prophecies? What is the effect of this juxtaposition?
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Welcome to the Macbeth blog everyone. Just a reminder to start early and to take time to respond to the comments of your classmates as well as posting your own thoughts. Have fun and remember to be respectful of others.
ReplyDeleteMacbeth and Banquo have different views and levels of trust concerning the witches prophecies. Macbeth is encouraged by the witches message while Banquo is wary. He does not fully accept the prophecy. By juxtaposing Macbeth and Banquo in the prophecy scene, the difference between the two characters personalities is brought to light. Banquo excercises more forethought, this is foreshadowing the mens fate.
ReplyDeleteI think that the main reason Shakespeare included two sets of prophecies was to show how each individual coped and responded to the information, and aid in the development of their character.
ReplyDeleteWhen Banquo hears Macbeth’s prophecies he seems curious and asks the witches what his future shall bring, “Speak then to me, who neither beg nor fear, your favours nor your hate”(A1,S3,L63-64). After being given his prophecies he appears content and does not ask more from the witches. He is not convinced that what he and Macbeth have witnessed is true, questioning “have we eaten on the insane root, that takes the reason prisoner?”(A1,S3,L87-88).
In comparison Macbeth is eager to hear more from the witches. When Macbeth says, “Say from whence you owe this strange intelligence? Or why upon this blasted heath you stop our way with such prophetic greeting? Speak I charge you.”(A1,S3,L78-81) he is asking the witches ‘How! and Why?’, he is tempted and wants to learn more of what his future holds. After the second prophecy, that he will become the Thane of Cawdor, becomes true, Macbeth contemplates the third prophecy and the actions that would make it true. “if good, why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair” (A1,S3,L144-145). He ultimately settles with the thought that “if chance will have me king, why, chance will crown me, without my stir”(A1,S3,L154-155), though the reader still gets the sense that Macbeth has only just begun in his dealings with the prophecy.
I believe that the key difference between Banquo and Macbeth is their honour in dealing with the accounts of the prophecy. Banquo will be honourable and loyal in his faith to the king, believing that if the prophecy shall come true it will do so on its own and he should not take matters into his own hands. On the other hand Macbeth seems torn between the lure of the prophecy and his loyalty to the king. His dark thoughts about fulfilling the prophecy on his own make us believe that he may stray to less honourable methods later in the play.
Ultimately I think we leave the scene with Macbeth in a disarray of confusion over the course of action he should, or should not take, and the sense that dark happenings may soon arise.
At first Macbeth is very interested in what the witches have to say. He tells them, “Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more.” He want to know how he can be Thane of Cawdor when the Thane still lives, he also does not think he could be king. But the witches vanish with no more explanation so Macbeth and Banquo are both incredulous, they do not trust what the witches have told them since it is full of paradoxes, they say to each other,
ReplyDelete“Banquo: Were such things here as we do speak about?
Or have we eaten on the insane root
That takes the reason prisoner?
Macbeth: Your children shall be kings.
Banquo: You shall be king.
Macbeth: And thane of Cawdor too; went it not so?
Banquo: To the self-same tune and words.”(ACT 1, sc, iii Ln, 89-92)
But then, Ross and Angus arrive, bringing news that King Duncan has made Macbeth Thane of Cawdor. With two of the prophesies coming true, Macbeth begins to believe the witches. He says, “Glamis, and thane of Cawdor: / The greatest is behind,” (ACT1, sc iii, Ln 124-125) and, “Two truths are told, / As happy prologues to the swelling act / Of the imperial theme.” (ACT 1, Sc, iii, Ln 137-139) Macbeth truly believes that he will become king after two of the prophesies coming true.
Banquo on the other hand is still hesitant, warning Macbeth of the evilness the witches. He tells Macbeth, “ But ‘tis strange: / And oftentimes, to win us to our harm, / The instruments of darkness tell us truths,/ Win us with honest trifles, to betray us / In deepest consequence.” (ACT 1, sc, iii, Ln 131-135) Banquo believe that the witches told Macbeth two truths to win over his heart and with a third truth, making Macbeth do something evil or an action with many consequences.
I agree with Elizabeth that Shakespeare may include both prophecies to show help show some more of Macbeth’s and Banquo’s characters. For example, when Macbeth says, “If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair / And makes my seated heart knock at my ribs,” (ACT 1, sc iii, Ln 144-146) we can see how much the thought of killing the king disturbed Macbeth, showing how loyal he is to his king. Also he may have included both to entice the audience into wanting to see more of the play to find out why the prophesies contradict each other.
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ReplyDeleteI would agree with Elizabeth and Mary with the idea that Shakespeare included two sets of prophecies to expand the characterization of Banquo and Macbeth. It is evident that Banquo and Macbeth display contrasting reactions to the witches’ prophecies, which sheds light to their character in the play.
ReplyDeleteMacbeth:
After hearing his prophecies, Macbeth displays curiosity when he says “Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more:” (I, iii, 73). Here, Macbeth is asking for further information about his prophecies. This is further supported with his questioning of being the Thane of Cawdor when he says “But how of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor lives” (I, iii, 75). Here, Macbeth is left in a state of curiosity since he is not privy to the fact that the Thane of Cawdor has been executed. However, his views of the prophecies change after Ross and Angus enter stating that Macbeth has been named Thane of Cawdor by the King. This causes Macbeth to believe the witches’ prophecies since 2 of the prophecies have come true (1. He was already heir to the Thane of Glamis who had recently died. 2. The King has just named him Thane of Cawdor). As a result, Macbeth begins to vying to become King of Scotland, which was the third prophecy. This ambition however, displays disturbing images for him as he begins to think of taking matters into his own hands in order to secure the last prophecy. He says “If good, why do I yield to that suggestion/Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair” (I,iii,144-145). Although he is known from previous scenes to be honourable to the king and the country, his ambition subconsciously overpowers his loyalty to the King when he begins to have mental images of killing the King himself in order to secure the crown. The 3 prophecies have shown Macbeth’s character as a curious and an ambitious person.
Banquo:
After hearing his prophecies, Banquo displays scepticism and even questions his and Macbeth’s state of mind when he says “have we eaten the insane root/That takes us prisoner?” (I,iii,87-88). Even after Ross and Angus come telling Macbeth that he has become the Thane of Cawdor, Banquo is still not completely convinced that the prophecies are completely true and believes there will be an evil element to it when he says “But ’tis strange./And oftentimes, to win us to our harm/The instruments of darkness tell us truths,/Win us with honest trifles, to betray us/ In deepest consequence.” (I,iii,131-135). Here Banquo believes that the witches are trying to win Macbeth’s heart as previously mentioned, so that he can stray on an evil path to fulfil the third prophecy, resulting in consequences. This shows that Banquo, as James has mentioned, Banquo exercises more forethought into the prophecies in contrast to Macbeth.
The effects of this juxtaposition show more character traits behind Macbeth and Banquo. Previously, the reader was just limited to the fact that both characters were the driving forces in defending Scotland. By adding two sets of prophecies, Shakespeare has effectively shown the characterization of both Banquo and Macbeth.
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ReplyDeletePeople have posted some interesting ideas. Just a reminder that you should reference the play to support your claims, as some people are doing quite well. Keep on writing!
ReplyDeleteUpon meeting the witches, Banquo is sceptical and immediately questions their existence, “Were such things here as we do speak about?/Or have we eaten on the insane root/That takes the reason prisoner?”(1,3,86-88). Once Banquo concluded the witches were in fact real, and he has learned that the first two prophecies have been proved to be true for Macbeth, he is still wary of the witches, “The instruments of darkness tells us truths,/Win us with honest trifles, to betray us/ In deepest consequence.” (1,3,133-135). He questions the witches intentions. Banquo is very cautious and does not trust the witches.
ReplyDeleteMacbeth, however takes the witches seriously, and believes anything the witches say. After the witches informed Macbeth of his three prophecies, his curiosity takes over, and he would like to know what other information the witches possess, “Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more”(1,3,73). Macbeth is a very gullible man and also believes the witches when they say “All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter”(1,3,53). Showing that Macbeth believed everything that the witches mentioned, and took them seriously. Overall, Macbeth is more of a gullible man then Banquo. After meeting the witches, Banquo is more sceptical while Macbeth took them more seriously.
Shakespeare included two sets of prophecies to advance the plot, develop characters, and demonstrate the different reactions that different levels of ambition can make amongst human beings.
The effect of these prophecies were immediately shown by Macbeth. As soon as the prophecies were set in place by the witches, Macbeth had his first thought of killing the king to become the future king of Scotland “If good, why do I yield to that suggestion/ Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair”(1,3,144-145). The audience quickly learned the effect the prophecies had on Macbeth, his ambition to become king had been triggered, “Stars, hide your fires;/Let not light see my black and deep desires:/The eye wink at the hand! Yet let that be,/ Which the fears, when it is done, to see”.(1,4,57-60)
Macbeth's ambition to become king quickly grew stronger and stronger. The two sets of prophecies also demonstrate the great difference in loyalty towards the king and their country between Banquo and Macbeth. After Banquo was told his son would be king, he simply let nature take its course. The prophecies had no effect on Banquo, he stayed loyal towards his king. Unlike Macbeth, whose loyalty towards Duncan quickly disappeared once he heard of the prophecies. He let his ambitions control his actions. His ambitions consequently overcame his loyalty towards his king and country, ”I have done the deed” (2,2,19). The prophecies helped demonstrate the differing amounts of ambition between Macbeth and Banquo's character.
I agree with ENelson's statement that Shakespeare included two sets of prophecies to show how each individual coped and responded to the information they were given. Banquo and Macbeth, as we know did in fact respond very differently.
I think the reason that Shakespeare includes two sets of prophecies is so that the different prophecies will work together in the story like when Banquo has a feeling that Macbeth killed Duncan but he doesnt say anything because he wants his prophecy to come true as well. Macbeth responds to the encounter of the witches, well becasuse he is encouraged by the prophecies and because the first two came true he trusted the witches and believed that the third would as well. Banquo did not trust the witches so he did not believe at first that his prophecy would come true but once he saw Macbeth's come true he started to believe them.
ReplyDeleteIn Act I scene 3 Banquo and Macbeth are introduced to the witches and what the witches have to say about the future king of Scotland and more specifically who will be king. The witches also tell Banquo and Macbeth about future events that may happen to them. When received this news both characters react differently to what the withes tell them.
ReplyDeleteMacbeth’s fortune from the witches was very detailed, and when Macbeth knew that one of the prophecies had already come true, Thane of Glamis. Macbeth was then very anxious to learn more about what the witches had to say about his future. “Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more:/ By Sinel’s death I know I am Thane of Glamis” (I,iii, 73-74) he said to the witches. When Macbeth was given the name Thane of Cawdor he knew then that the second prophecy had just come true. Macbeth believes that what the witches speak is true and will become reality. He does not question whether the witched are telling the truth are not.
However unlike Macbeth, Banquo’s fortune from the witches is less detailed and was full of paradoxes, which gave Banquo little reason to believe that it was true and would actually happen. Also unlike Macbeth who believed fully in what the witches said would come true and that the witches were not lying when telling them what was going to happen. Banquo did not believe that what the witches said was true or would come true. Banquo then went on to questing his sanity “ Were such things here as we do speak about?/ Or have we eaten on the insane root/ that takes the reason prisoner?) (I, iii, 86-88). Showing the reader that he did not believe or trust the witches’ words.
Shakespeare may have included two sets if prophecies in this play because if he only included one prophecy and it came true then people may not believe that the witches actually did predict the future. However if they did more then one prophecy it would be less likely for it to be a coincidence and therefore more people would believe that the witches’ actually did predict the future and it had nothing to do with coincidence. Another reason that Shakespeare may have included two sets of prophecies would be to show how the two characters differ from each other and how they each react.
The effect of this juxtaposition is that it highlights Macbeth’s ambition. It does this by putting Macbeth side by side with someone who does not have as much ambition as him, Banquo.
At first, Macbeth is speechless and seems to be extremely startled. Banquo seems to notice his unease and asks “Good sir, why do you start and seem to fear/ Things that do sound so fair” (Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 53-54). It’s a bit ironic that Banquo uses the word “fair”, since the paradox “fair is foul, and foul is fair” was just predicted by the witches in Scene 1, and might infer the prophecies are not be as great as they sound. As Macbeth recovers from his initial shock, he seems more intrigued by the witches’ prophecies. In Line 71, Macbeth says “Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more” and probes them for more information on his prophecy. They then vanish, and Ross and Angus appear and tell Macbeth that he is now Thane of Cawdor. We can tell that Macbeth took the predictions to heart after hearing the second prophecy come true because he says to himself “The greatest is behind” (Act 1, Scene 3, Line 19), meaning that the greatest honour is waiting one behind. Macbeth also realizes that horrible things have to happen to fulfil his destiny and wonders about killing Duncan in Lines 142-143, “My thought, whose murder yet is but fantastical/ Shakes so my single state of man”.
ReplyDeleteBanquo is more sceptical of the witches’ prophecies. His predictions are more ambiguous and he seems to be much more unaffected by the prophecies then Macbeth. While Macbeth goes into a state of shock, Banquo becomes investigative and unsure of the credibility of his prophecies. He says in Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 63-64 “Speak, then, to me who neither beg nor fear your favours nor hate”. After the witches vanish, he seems to realize that the witches’ predictions are foolish and says “Have we eaten on the insane root/ That takes the reason prisoner?” (Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 85-86).
I also agree with Elizabeth in that the reason for the juxtaposition is contrasting the character’s personalities. Banquo is conveyed as the more sceptical of the two, and we can see that he does not take his prophecy seriously. Macbeth is the complete opposite, as he believes the predictions. We can see his loyalty toward the king wavering as he thinks more and more about the prophecies.
Banquo and Macbeth both receive prophecies from the witches concerning the future of the throne of Scotland. Each character processes and reacts to this information differently. In fact, the reactions are so different that they contrast each other. This makes the individual characteristics of both Banquo and Macbeth easy to identify by the audience.
ReplyDeleteAs for Macbeth, he is gullible and quick to believe the prophecies. He demonstrates his belief that the witches speak the truth when he says to the witches, "Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more." (I, iii, 73) Macbeth’s demand to learn more about his future shows he is naive when he puts blind trust in the witches.
In contrast, Banquo is sceptical and logical. Banquo reveals his ability to be rational by saying, "Were such things here as we do speak about?/Or have we eaten of the insane root/That takes the reason prisoner?" (I, iii, 86-88). This thereby demonstrates that Banquo fins it easier to believe they hallucinated rather than witness the presence on the witches. The contrast of Banquo and Macbeth does not end in their initial reactions.
Later in the play, Macbeth kills King Duncan to fulfill the prophecy and become king. This act demonstrates that the prophecies enhance Macbeth’s evil and selfish characteristics. His selfishness is revealed when Macbeth says, “He is here in double trust:/First, as I am his kinsman and his subject,/Strong both against the deed: then as his host,/Who should against his murderer shut the door,/Not bear the knife myself. Besides this Duncan/Hath borne his faculties so meek.” This shows that Macbeth realizes that Duncan is a good king and that Duncan trusts Macbeth yet he disregards this and proceeds with the murder.
Banquo’s actions offer great contrast to those of Macbeth’s for Banquo demonstrates his loyalty to the throne of Scotland. Demonstrates his allegiance to the throne when he suspects that Macbeth killed Duncan to become king but he remains devoted to King Macbeth by not voicing his suspicions. Banquo voices his loyalty when he says to Macbeth, “Let you highness/Command upon me, to which my duties/Are with a most indissoluble tie/For ever knit”. Therefore, the protagonist, Macbeth, and the foil, Banquo, each react very differently to the witches’ prophecies throughout the play.
Shakespeare includes two sets of prophecies to stimulate plot development. Had Macbeth never heard of the prophecies, he would not have killed King Duncan. The killing of King Duncan is what disrupts the natural order that creates suspense, drama and the climax of the play. Had the prophecies never occurred, there would be no conflict, and therefore no storyline. The effect of the juxtaposition is, like earlier explained, the contrast of the two personalities in order to exemplify the opposing characteristics. Seeing as Nicholai and Warsame both concluded the same as I did, this foil and juxtaposition is very effective. Warsame also provided me insight in mentioning how the prophecies may have triggered Macbeth's ambition.
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ReplyDeleteThis comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteShakespeare uses two different sets of prophicies to display the differences in human instincts. Both characters may become suspicious and unloyal to themselves each other and there country, but shakespeare has chosen to display a mild reaction compared to an extreme reaction whenever there is a pressurizing factor.
ReplyDeleteDuring (I,iii) Macbeth and Banquo's first encounter with the withches, Banquo questions their existance while Macbeth is interested to learn about them. As the witches speak of prophicies to Macbeth, Banquo quickly becomes interested to learn if he has any such prophicies. As the play progresses and Macbeth is clamed the Thane of Cawdor he believes in the prophicies yet he begins contemplating whether or not he she take it to his own hands (I,iii)Macbeth, "If chance will have me king, why, chance/ May crown me,/ Without my stir." Though as soon as Lady Macbeth finds out about her husbands prophicies she immedeatly wants to turn to the darker side and force the prophicies to come true. Lady Macbeth is the biggest factor in Macbeth losing his loyalty, humanity, and especially his self control. She used guilt trips, made him feel weak and over powered him. Her pressure led to Macbeth giving in and allowing her to go through with the plan with no more hessitation (I,vii)Macbeth, "Away, and mock the time with fairest show:/False face must hide what the false heart doth know." So from the end of Act I till now we see Macbeths' character begin to change from a loyal general without ever having a thought of betraying his country into murdedring his own king who has trustfully given him his new title. When we finaly see King Macbeth in action you can easily notice that his character is losing trust in everyone around him. At this point in the play is when he decides to murder Banquo because of suspicions, he then begins to really lose his self control and just wants to massacre everyone who he fears or wants to make an example of. Then Macbeth encounters the three withches again where they provide him with more prophicies which make him feel safe and secure in his position until this point of the play.
Banquo's reaction towards the witches was suttle and calm, though he was excited. But Banquo had nothing forcing him to do anything irrational in order to make his prophicy come true. Instead he continued on in the play never really showing any concern towards the prophicy untill Macbeth murders Duncan and he then becomes suspicious. And whenever the prophices are brought up it ended in Macbeth sending murderers after Banquo and his son Fleance.
Shakesperae easily portrayed different human instincts in order to set the play up to turn out the way it does.
Shakespeare clearly develops Banquo's character as a foil to Macbeth. Shakespeare accomplishes this through the contrast of Banquo's and Macbeth's reactions to the witches prophecies concerning the kingship of Scotland. While Banquo reacts with doubt towards the witches, Macbeth responds to the prophecies in belief and wonder. The differing effects that the prophecies have on the characters is shown throughout the play.
ReplyDeleteWhen told their prophecies, Macbeth and Banquo reactions differ greatly. After Banquo is told that his sons will become kings, but that he himself will not, he does not seek further information. In contrast, Macbeth tries to keep the witches, and have them answer the many questions he has: “Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more” [I.iii.73]. Macbeth's probing reveals that he believes the witches to be real, and not imagination. This foreshadows Macbeth's belief of the prophecies, and the strong effect that they will have upon him later in the play. Shakespeare contrasts Macbeth's belief of the witches with Banquo's immediate disbelief of their reality; Banquo suggests that Macbeth and himself have imagined the witches' presence: “Were such things here as we do speak about?/ Or have we eaten on the insane root/ That takes the reason prisoner?” [I.iii.86-88]
The contrast between the effect that the prophecies have on Macbeth and Banquo is further emphasized after they are informed that Macbeth has gained the title of Thane of Cawdor. Macbeth's newly attained title fulfills the witches' second prophecy, which causes Macbeth to further believe the prophecies to be true: “Two truths are told,/ As happy prologues to the swelling act/ Of the imperial theme.”[I.iii.137-139]. Macbeth's trust in the witches is strongly opposed by Banquo's suspicion: “The instruments of darkness tel us truths,/ Win us with honest trifles, to betray us/ In the deepest consequence.” [I.iii.133-135]. The contrast of Macbeth's naivety and Banquo's suspicion of the witches helps introduce the contrast in the magnitude of actions that each character will take to fulfill their respective prophecies.
There is a great difference in the level of direct involvement that Macbeth and Banquo use to have their prophecies become reality. Macbeth's involvement in the fulfillment of his prophecy is revealed when he states that he will use all of his power to murder Duncan and become king: “I am settled, and bend up/ Each corporal agent to this terrible feat.” [I.vii.89-90]. While Macbeth promises to do whatever possible to become king, Banquo takes a much more conservative approach to the fulfillment of his prophecy. In his soliloquy following Macbeth's coronation [III.i.1-10], Banquo wonders about his prophecy, but he takes no actions to fulfill it. He instead chooses to allow his prophecy to come true without his intervention.
Shakespeare uses this juxtaposition of the two sets of prophecies to emphasize Banquo's loyalty, and in turn, emphasize Macbeth's selfish ambition. By having two sets of prophecies, both involving kingship, Shakespeare can further develop Macbeth as a character who acts solely for self-gain by contrasting him with Banquo, a character who states that he will remain loyal to the king of Scotland, no matter who it is: “Let your highness/ Command upon me, to the which my duties/ Are with a most indissoluble tie/ For ever knit.” [III.i.17-20] Having Banquo as a foil to Macbeth allows Shakespeare to deeply develop Macbeth as a selfish character who acts in cruel ways for his own gain. This causes the audience to have difficulty in pitying Macbeth later in the play, and has them hoping for his demise. This creates a shift in who the audience perceives as the protagonist and antagonist in the closing scenes of the play.
I agree with many of the ideas presented. These well thought responses uncover new meanings from the play for me. Specifically, War-Sam-EHH's idea of Shakespeare allowing the audience to separate Macbeth and Banquo from their assumed roles as heroes, stimulates deep thinking. It is these thoughts that begin to illuminate new meanings from each and every quote.
ReplyDeleteIn Act I scene 3 Banquo and Macbeth both meet the three witches for the first time. During this meeting both characters are told their own set of prophecies. Banquo is to be the father of kings, while Macbeth shall be king, “All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter.”
ReplyDeleteUpon meeting the witches Macbeth is told the first set of prophecies. Upon hearing his potential future Macbeth seems dazed or as Banquo said “rapt withal” (I.iii.60). Coming out of his daze Macbeth immediately wants to here more about his future, “Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more:” which suggest that he believes fully in the truth of the prophecies. When he later hears that part of the prophecy is true then he is plagued with images of him killing the king of Scotland so that he could then fulfill the last part of the prophecy.
After hearing Macbeths prophecies Banquo calmly asks the witches to tell him his own prophecies. He doesn’t seem as amazed at the prophecies that are bestowed upon him later after the witches have vanished he even goes so far as to question their sanity. “Were such things here as we do speak about? Or have we eaten on the insane root That takes the reason prisoner?” (I.iii.86-88).
The way they both react to their own prophecies show the mindset that each of the characters possess. Macbeth now wants the prophecies to come true, he even thought of killing the king himself so that they would come true. While Macbeth doesn’t believe all that much in what the witches say, as his comment on their mental awareness states. These are very clear and opposite reactions to the prophecies told by the witches. One wants them to come true while the other believes them to be almost crazy.
Shakespeare included the two separate prophecies because when one set of prophecies are coming true you are still thinking in the back of your mind how the other set is going to play out. I think the effect of this juxtaposition is that these two friends are being pitted against each other through the two sets. Its almost like two guys trying to get the same girls to go out with them, the friendship would never be the same between them.
Macbeth and Banquo both get told prophecies by three witches, both reacting differently. From the reactions of both characters to the witches’ sayings, it is visible to the audience as to which character is more concerned and going to take action to allow the prophecies to come true.
ReplyDeleteMacbeth is the first character to get told his prophecies. The witches make three predictions for Macbeth: he will be the Thane of Glamis, he will be the Thane of Cawdor, and he will be the King of Scotland. He recognizes that he will be the Thane of Glamis as he inherited that position from his father, but he is curious for the other two prophecies. Macbeth tells the witches, “Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more:” (I, iii, 73) as he attempts to get more information from the witches prior to their vanishing. The second prophecy told to Macbeth is confirmed when Ross and Angus enter. Ross informs Macbeth, “But treasons capital, confess’d, and proved, / Have overthrown him.” (I, iii, 122-123) meaning that the Thane of Cawdor is getting executed and the position is given to Macbeth, making the last prophecy the only one left to prove. That being said, it is assumable that Macbeth’s character starts revolving around the last prophecy. As described in Act 1, Scene 2, Macbeth is known as a worthy, brave warrior. “If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair” (I, iii, 144-145). This quote is not a representation of Macbeth being worthy, nor a brave warrior, rather showing a side of him that the audience has not yet experienced.
A part of Banquo’s character gets revealed in Act 1, Scene 3 as he shows his curiosity. After Macbeth gets his prophecies told, Banquo is curious and asks, “If you can look into the seeds of time, / And say which grain will grow and which will not, / Speak then to me,” (I, iii, 61-63). As Banquo’s prophecies get told to him, he is not as gullible as Macbeth. He is somewhat convinced, yet questioning if they have “eaten on the insane root” (I, iii, 87) that is making them insane and senseless. Banquo comes to his senses and cautions Macbeth with possible consequences to actions he may take on with regards to the prophecies, “And oftentimes, to win us to our harm, / The instruments of darkness tell us truths, / Win us with honest trifles, to betray us / In deepest consequence” (I, iii, 132-136).
The key differences to both characters would be their ways of reacting upon the prophecies. Macbeth is more gullible and sure that all three of his prophecies will come true, whereas Banquo is more wary to this situation. To the key differences, I agree with Elizabeth where Banquo is going to stay loyal to the king under any circumstances, while Macbeth is torn between staying loyal to the king or being lured by the prophecies.
Shakespeare includes two sets of prophecies to enhance foreshadowing within the play. Banquo’s first prophecy, “Lesser than Macbeth, and greater,” (I, iii, 68) means that he will be at a lower position than Macbeth, but he’ll be a greater person. His second prophecy, “Not so happy, yet much happier,” (I, iii, 69) means that Banquo will not be as happy with his position, yet he will be much happier with his decisions he will make, and his third prophecy, “Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none:” (I, iii, 70) means that Banquo will get a new king, but he will not be one. The purpose of this juxtaposition is to compare and contrast Macbeth’s prophecies with Banquo’s prophecies.
It is very clear why Shakespeare decided to present Banquo and Macbeth in such contrast. I find that the juxtaposition of these two characters, shown in the witch scene, emphasizes the traits of both these characters. Macbeth instantly believes the witches, and immediately begins thinking about his path to he crown. In contrast, Banquo’s reaction is very logical, and he approaches the witches with doubt.
ReplyDeleteAs many other students have noted, Macbeth believes all that the witches say, and shows that he is very gullible, seeing the prophecies as true, soon after they are told. He shows wonder when he says to the witches, “Stay you imperfect speakers, tell me more” (I, iii, 73). At this point he wants to believe what the witches are saying, and he almost does. However, he shows doubt by saying “By Sinel’s death I know I am Thane of Glamis / But how of Cawdor? The Thane of Cawdor lives” (I, iii, 74-75). This doubt is soon removed when Ross and Angus arrive, informing him that he has just received Cawdor’s position. From this point onward, Macbeth is certain that he will also become king, fulfilling the third and final prophecy. This shows that he has an unreasonable amount of trust in the witches. Furthermore, he shows impulsiveness when he says, “If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair” (I, iii, 144-145). This “suggestion” he is referring to is the murder of Duncan, which he ultimately commits in order to become king. Overall, Shakespeare portrays Macbeth as gullible, trusting, and impulsive.
Banquo is portrayed very differently from Macbeth. He is wary of the witches, and very doubtful of their prophecies. After hearing Macbeth’s prophecies, he asks the witches about his own future, only to receive an answer riddled with paradoxes. He displays reason after the witches’ disappearance, saying “Were such things here as we do speak about? / Or have we eaten on the insane root / That takes the reason prisoner?” (I, iii, 86-88). By saying this, he shows doubt in the prophecies, and even in the witches’ existence. Banquo remains unconvinced, later saying to Macbeth, “ But ‘tis strange: / And oftentimes, to win us to our harm, / The instruments of darkness tell us truths, / Win us with honest trifles, to betray us / In deepest consequence.” (I, iii, 131-135). By this he is suggesting that perhaps the witches are luring them in to do something evil, only to later betray them. Overall, Shakespeare portrays Banquo as logical, hesitant, and cautious.
I agree with Elizabeth and Amanda in saying that Banquo will remain loyal to the crown under any circumstances, while Macbeth is torn between the prophecy and his loyalty. This shows that Macbeth is much more tempted by the witches, to the point that he will betray his country for his own gain. I agree with Eric when he says that another key difference between Banquo and Macbeth is the effort put into fulfilling their respective prophecies. This is another example of how Macbeth is much more tempted by the prophecies than Banquo.
It is clear to me that Banquo’s reaction, and perhaps even Banquo himself, was put in the play solely in order to highlight Macbeth’s flaws. If we look at the play in it’s most fundamental form, Banquo would serve no purpose other than to contrast Macbeth. As this prompt suggests, a foil is “a character who is presented as a contrast to a second character so as to point to or show to advantage some aspect of the second character” (Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica). This is a perfect description of Banquo in the play, drawing attention to Macbeth’s gullibility.
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ReplyDeleteThe two prophecies which are presented by the witches before Macbeth and Banquo provoke contrasting reactions and demonstrate the moral differences within them.
ReplyDeleteMacbeth’s initial reaction to the witches greeting him as the thane of Glamis, thane of Cawdor, and king of Scotland set him in a state of confusion and he becomes intrigued with these prophecies. Macbeth demands for more information by stating, “Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more” (I.iii.73). He understands that his father, Sinel, has died and he automatically obtains the position of thane of Glamis, but “the thane of Cawdor lives” (I.ii.75) and Macbeth being king “stands not within the prospect of belief, / no more than to be Cawdor” (I.iii.77-78). Macbeth is in pure disbelief and wonders how these witches know this and why they would confront him with a “prophetic greeting” (I.iii.81).
With the arrival of Angus and Ross comes the news that the thane of Cawdor is a traitor and Macbeth shall be named the new thane of Cawdor. Macbeth is now astonished and says to Banquo, “Do you not hope your children shall be kings, When those that gave the thane of Cawdor to me
Promised no less to them?” (I.iii. 126-128). With this he begins to add credibility to the witches prophecy and begins to fabricate thoughts of being king as he suggests, “Two truths are told, / As happy prologues to the swelling act / Of the imperial theme” (I.iii.138-139). He speculates how if these prophecies are good things then why is he having thoughts of murdering king Duncan? He expresses, “If good, why do I yield to that suggestion / Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair / And make my seated heart knock at my ribs” (I.iii.144-146). Macbeth tries to counter these “horrible imaginings” by declaring “If chance will have me king, why, chance / may crown me, / Without my stir” (I.iii.154-156) meaning it may be fate that will crown him king of Scotland rather than his own actions.
Banquo, in comparison to Macbeth, is more apprehensive and skeptical of the witches and their prophecies. Hearing Macbeth’s prophecy Banquo asks for his and replies, “Were such things here as we do speak about? / Or have we eaten on the insane root / That takes the reason prisoner?” (I.ii. 86-88), implying that Macbeth and he were hallucinating and the witches cannot be real. After Ross’s announcement that Macbeth will be the thane of Cawdor, Banquo’s first response, “can the devil speak true?” (I.iii.113), questions the witches prophecies. Banquo then explains how “The instruments of darkness tell us truths, / Win us with honest trifles, to betray ’s / In deepest consequence” (I.iii.133-136), warning Macbeth that these witches (instruments of darkness) may speak true for the first two prophecies but it may lead them to their destruction. Banquo puts more consideration and thought into the future and outcomes of these prophecies, whereas Macbeth looks to fulfill his third and final prophecy promptly.
My only comparison of this prompt to a real world situation would be to the fictional comic series of Batman. Yes this may seem childish, however Batman can be portrayed as Macbeth, a superior and valiant warrior. Whereas Robin, Batman’s sidekick, can be related to Banquo, a somewhat less valued leader but demonstrates similar physical characteristics. Batman, or commonly known as Bruce Wayne, adheres to the identical ambition Macbeth exhibits in these first scenes. Batman strongly believes it is his goal to murder the people who killed his parents. In comparison, Macbeth initiates thoughts of becoming King (which later is fulfilled) leading to the arise of his tragic flaw in character, unconstrained ambition. Banquo and Robin both provide logic and moral stability; Robin acts as the intellect behind Batman’s goals, similar to Banquo analyzing the prophecies before any action took place. Both Batman and Macbeth have the ability to stand alone, however Banquo and Robin are present to emphasize contrast within the characters and provide a better understanding between them.
ReplyDeleteThe addition of the prophecies contribute to each character’s personalities and views regarding their loyalty to the king. Banquo is more apprehensive and believes things should fall into place rather than voluntarily fulfilling their prophecies through personal action. Before this scene Macbeth is referred to as a noble and honourable general, however these traits may be tainted as the prophecies foreshadow Macbeth’s desire to be king and the consequences which may follow.
a.luongs comment on the juxtaposition being used as foreshadowing i think makes the most sense to me than any others because it does play out in the way that the prophecies said they would. so the juxtaposition being foreshadowing was truth and not just inference on her part.
ReplyDeleteAfter receiving the prophecies, both Macbeth and Banquo, appear skeptical towards what they have heard at first. However, directly following, Macbeth begins to consider the possibility of assuming the role of king that he has been foreseen to hold and is disgusted at the thought. “If good, why do I yield to that suggestion Whose horrid image doth unfix my hair And makes my seated heart knock at my ribs,” (Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 144-146) This shows Macbeth’s immediate reaction to the prophecy; it shows he is disturbed at the thought of assuming the role because of what he would have to do to assume the title- kill King Duncan. Banquo however, while also being skeptical to the prophecy, he himself has received along with hearing Macbeth’s, believes them to be merely fortune with no real bearing. Although these are their immediate reactions, both change drastically throughout the play. Macbeth begins to ponder his prophecy especially after he is rewarded the title of Thane of Cawdor. From that point on, Macbeth begins a downward spiral fighting between his ambitious lust for power and his morality for what is right. On the other hand, Banquo simply disregards the prophecies for little more than fortune until Macbeth is given his new title as Thane. This causes Banquo to begin to realize that the prophecies could be something much more than a bunch of rubbish.
ReplyDeleteAt this point in the play, we can begin to see differences between Macbeth and Banquo. Macbeth has a lust for power which distinguishes against his morality the more the prophecies come true. The more the prophecies come true, the more influence they withhold on Macbeth and the more his lust grows towards achieving them. Banquo, on the other hand, places fore and after-thought into the prophecies especially as they become true for Macbeth; he begins to wonder if the witches are twisting Macbeth for their use in evil, or if they predict a true darkness within Macbeth’s heart. “But ’tis strange. And oftentimes, to win us to our harm the instruments of darkness tell us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray us In deepest consequence.” (Act 1, Scene 3, Lines 131-135). This helps to show Banquo’s thinking as they receive the prophecies and it shows his uncertainty of the influence by the prophecy.
I agree with Elizabeth in that Shakespeare may have included the two prophecies and the separate reactions to build on the persona of each character and help show their values and morality. From this, it would have helped to build on the story as it gives the viewer a better in-depth of understanding of the character and what they are thinking.
I just wanted to add that I really like Matt's relation of Macbeth to Batman. Although it does seem funny at first, it's actually very true and I'm impressed by the allusion.
ReplyDeleteI find that there are many examples in the media and current world events where the irrationality of one individual or group is accentuated by the reason or logic of another. Practically every single event that is thought of as immoral or unjust is thought of as such because it can be compared to reason. For example, when we hear about authoritarian governments in places like Libya, North Korea, and Iran, our mind sees them as unreasonable because we can compare them to the more logical world we know. If we lived in these countries, although the government there would still be just as unfair and unethical, we might not see them in such a harsh light, because we would have nothing more positive to compare them to.
I very much enjoyed Matt's connection of Shakespeare's Macbeth to the comic Batman & Robin. His allusion to the popular comic allowed me to gain a deeper understanding of the effect of the juxtaposition of Macbeth and Banquo in the play, thank you Matt.
ReplyDeleteYou're welcome Eric and Logan, glad you enjoyed it.
ReplyDeleteShakespeare included prophecies for both Macbeth and Banquo to compare and contrast each of their characters.
ReplyDeleteAll three of the prophecies given to Macbeth concerned his own future, while Banquo's concerned his sons. This may be a hint as to how self absorbed each character is. Following Banquo's prophecies Macbeth begs the witches for more information "You owe this strange intelligence? or why/ Upon this blasted heath you stop our way/ With such prophetic greeting? Speak, I charge you." (I, iii, 79-81) While Banquo seems disinterested. After hearing of the prophesies Macbeth begins to plot how he will make them come true. Banquo on the other hand seems to want the prophesies to play out on their own, without influence. Banquo's prophesy may have been create contrast in each characters reaction.
Up until the prophesy scene the audience has only heard of Macbeth and how noble and what a valiant soldier he is. The prophesy scene reveals that Macbeth is selfish and would betray the King in heartbeat if it meant the thrown could be his. This choice may indicate how Shakespeare wanted Macbeth's character to be portrayed by the audience in contrast to how he is perceived by the characters.
In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth, the characters Macbeth and Banquo act very differently during their first encounter with the witches. Macbeth, the main character of the play, is extremely anxious to find out what his prophecy is and seems very impatient. Once he gets his prophecy from the witches, he seems even more anxious to actually have the prophecy fulfilled. Banquo, on the other hand, is very hesitant and is not as gullible as Macbeth. He is very suspicious of the witches, given their nature, which seems like the appropriate response when given the same circumstances, but Macbeth is too excited by the thought of being King to really think about who he was getting this information from, and how trustworthy they are. There are definitely key differences between how Macbeth and Banquo react to the prophecies, which helps separate the characters and help the audience or reader visualize them and get to know more about their personas. I think Shakespeare wrote two prophecies into the storyline to help thicken the plot and give it some sort of relief so the audience didn’t get bored by hearing the same storyline throughout the entire play, and to create tension between the two characters of Macbeth and Banquo. If Banquo had not been given the prophecy that his children would one day be King, Macbeth may not have been so suspicious of Banquo, and a large part of the plot would be cut out which would also make the play a bit less interesting. That being said, if Banquo had never been killed by Macbeth, it would make his downfall seem much less disastrous because there would not have been the transition of Macbeth being hesitant about murder in the beginning, and later becoming much more welcoming to the idea of taking somebody else’s life. The significance of Macbeth visiting the witches for a second time in the play is that it shows how desperate he is for answers from the witches. Visiting the witches again in the first place is rather desperate, but the way he communicates with them makes him appear as though he would do anything to get some sort of peace of mind, which he most likely would. Making the scenes in which they visit the three witches so close together adds great effect to the plot because it shows how untrustworthy the witches really are, because during the first visit they tell the truth, but during the second visit they mislead Macbeth, proving that they are not to be trusted. The scenes with the witches are also obviously great scenes of foreshadowing.
ReplyDeleteWhile on their way to Forres, Banquo and Macbeth were interrupted by three witches. Both Macbeth and Banquo reacted differently which Shakespeare often used such techniques in his work.
ReplyDeleteThe witches gave Macbeth three prophecies that will make him Thane of Glamis, Thane of Cawdor and to become King of Scotland. When the witches tell Macbeth of his prophecies, Banquo grows curious and wonders of his own. Banquo asks for his future but is given news that is not as exciting as Macbeth’s.
Macbeth and Banquo were affected by the witches’ predictions differently. “Stay, you imperfect speakers, tell me more” (I, III, L. 3). Macbeth believed the witches prophecies to be right due to the immediate information of his fathers death making him Thane of Glamis. Right after the witches disappear Macbeth gets news of becoming Thane of Cawdor. This makes Macbeth believe in the prophecies of the witches now that two of them have come true.
Banquo on the other hand, does not believe the witches. Banquo is skeptical of the witches and suggested they may have gone crazy. “Were such things here as we do speak about? Or have we eaten on the insane root that takes the reason prisoner?” (I, III, L. 86-88). Here Banquo question the witches whether they are real and were actually there. He then says to Macbeth the witches are telling half-truths that may have dire consequences.
Although the prophecies were misleading, Macbeth took them the way he interpreted it, that is to kill Duncan to become King of Scotland. Macbeth does battle himself while making this decision but in the end he can’t resist the temptation of his ambition along with Lady Macbeth’s words of convincing him. “Hie the hither, that I may pour my spirits in thine ear and chastise with the valour of my tongue all that impedes thee from golden round” (I, V, L. 24-27). Lady Macbeth tries to place guilt upon Macbeth and refers to herself of doing the deed. Banquo tries to prevent the future success of Macbeth concerning the kingship of Scotland. Macbeth then grows suspicious of Banquo and loses trust in everyone.
Shakespeare includes two prophecies for Macbeth and Banquo because it provides the comparison between the two characters. This makes the audience contrast the similarities and differences of Macbeth and Banquo. We see Macbeth is easily convinced and takes the prophecies incorrectly whereas Banquo believed the witches to have twisted words.
Since Macbeth has been introduced indirectly up until now, the audience has gathered a profile of Macbeth being a noble and brave man. This scene with the witches provides the different characteristics of Macbeth and Banquo that we will later see change dramatically.
When they encounter the witches, Macbeth and Banquo have very different reactions. The way they react gives us key points about their characters. Upon hearing his prophecies Macbeth is instantly trusting since he knows the first has come true he believes the others must be true as well. “By Sinels death I know I am thane of Glamis” (I,iii,74). He has further confidence in the witches after he is told by Ross he is to be the thane of Cawdor. “Two truths are told, As happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme” (I,iii,137-138). This shows how he is quick to believe the witches since the first two prophecies were proven true.
ReplyDeleteBanquo takes his prophecies with a very different attitude, appearing to be more cautious of the witches. “The instruments of darkness tells us truths, Win us with honest trifles, to betray us in deepest consequence” (I,iii,133-135). Banquo is implying the witches are gaining their trust only to betray them later on when they are vulnerable. This shows a contrast with Macbeth who trusts them quickly because Banquo does not believe them to be their allies.
Shakespeare uses the two sets of prophecies to contrast the characters of Macbeth and Banquo. This also shows us in deeper detail what the two characters want and how easily they can be manipulated. After the encounter Macbeth has a new desire to be king, he even states he is willing to kill Duncan for his crown “Why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid images doth unfix my hair” (I,iii,144-145). Banquo on the other hand will not be swayed in his loyalty to the king or his country.
I like what Logan said about Banquo being there for the sole reason of highlighting Macbeth’s flaws and evil intentions. If it had been Macbeth alone the contrast between the two would not have been shown and Macbeth would have seemed to be less evil or his intent may have been lost.